| Cœur d'Alêne, Idaho | |
|---|---|
| — City — | |
| Cœur d'Alêne | |
| Location in Kootenai County and the state of Idaho | |
| Coordinates: | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Idaho |
| County | Kootenai |
| Founded | 1878 |
| Incorporated | 1887 |
| Government | |
| • Mayor | Sandi Bloem (R) |
| Area | |
| • City | 13.9 sq mi (35.2 km2) |
| • Land | 13.1 sq mi (34.0 km2) |
| • Water | 0.46 sq mi (1.2 km2) |
| Elevation | 2,188 ft (667 m) |
| Population (2010) | |
| • City | 44,137 |
| • Density | 2,628.9/sq mi (1,058.6/km2) |
| • Metro | 131,507 |
| Time zone | Pacific (UTC−8) |
| • Summer (DST) | Pacific (UTC−7) |
| Area code(s) | 208 |
| FIPS code | 16-16750 |
| GNIS feature ID | 0379485 |
| Website | www.coeurdaleneidaho.org |
Cœur d'Alêne /ˌkɒr dəˈleɪn/ is the largest city and county seat of Kootenai (/ˈkuːtniː/ koot-nee) County, Idaho, United States.[1] It is the principal city of the Cœur d'Alêne Metropolitan Statistical Area. Cœur d'Alêne has the second largest metropolitan area in the state of Idaho. As of the 2010 census the population of Cœur d'Alêne was 44,137.[2] The city is located about 30 mi (48 km) east of the larger Spokane, Washington, which combined with Cœur d'Alêne and northern Idaho has population of 590,617.[3] Cœur d'Alêne is the largest city in the northern Idaho Panhandle. The city is located on the north shore of Lake Coeur d'Alene, 25-mile (40 km) in length. Locally, Coeur d'Alene is known as the "Lake City," or simply called by its initials: "CDA".
The city of Cœur d'Alêne has grown significantly in recent years, in part because of a substantial increase in tourism, encouraged by several resorts in the area. Barbara Walters called the city "a little slice of Heaven" and included it in her list of most fascinating places to visit. On November 28, 2007, Good Morning America broadcast the city's Christmas lighting ceremony because its display is among the largest in the United States. Cœur d'Alêne is also located near two major ski resorts, with Silver Mountain Resort to the east in Kellogg, and Schweitzer Mountain Ski Resort to the north in Sandpoint.
The city is named after the Coeur d'Alene People, a tribe of Native Americans who lived along the rivers and lakes of the region when discovered by French Canadian fur traders in the late 18th and early 19th century. The name Cœur d'Alêne translated into English means Heart of an Awl.
Contents |
Cœur d'Alêne is located at (47.692845, −116.779910),[4] at an elevation of 2,180 ft (660 m) above sea level.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 21.8 sq mi (56 km2). 21.1 sq mi (55 km2) of it is land and .745 sq mi (1.93 km2) of it (3.46%) is water.
Cœur d'Alêne sits on the western edge of the Coeur d'Alene National Forest. The city is surrounded by forest, which contains several lakes and campgrounds.
Cœur d'Alêne has a continental Mediterranean climate (Köppen Dsb), characterized by a cold, moist climate in winter, and very warm, dry conditions in summer. The monthly daily mean temperature for January is 28.4 °F (−2.0 °C), while the same figure for August is 69.2 °F (20.7 °C); the annual mean is 48.2 °F (9.0 °C). Temperatures exceed 90 °F (32 °C) on 22 days per year, occasionally reaching 100 °F (38 °C), while conversely, there may be several nights below 0 °F (−18 °C).[5] Snowfall averages 46 inches (117 cm) per year; precipitation is generally lowest in summer. The frost-free season runs about 120 days from mid-May to mid-September.
| Climate data for Cœur d'Alêne, Idaho | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °F (°C) | 60 (16) |
62 (17) |
73 (23) |
94 (34) |
98 (37) |
102 (39) |
108 (42) |
109 (43) |
102 (39) |
87 (31) |
71 (22) |
60 (16) |
109 (43) |
| Average high °F (°C) | 34.7 (1.5) |
41.0 (5.0) |
49.3 (9.6) |
57.8 (14.3) |
66.6 (19.2) |
73.7 (23.2) |
82.6 (28.1) |
83.7 (28.7) |
73.9 (23.3) |
59.9 (15.5) |
43.1 (6.2) |
35.8 (2.1) |
58.5 (14.7) |
| Average low °F (°C) | 22.1 (−5.5) |
25.0 (−3.9) |
29.8 (−1.2) |
35.4 (1.9) |
42.8 (6.0) |
49.6 (9.8) |
54.8 (12.7) |
54.7 (12.6) |
46.6 (8.1) |
37.9 (3.3) |
30.3 (−0.94) |
24.8 (−4) |
37.8 (3.2) |
| Record low °F (°C) | −30 (−34) |
−29 (−34) |
−13 (−25) |
5 (−15) |
21 (−6.1) |
28 (−2.2) |
36 (2) |
32 (0) |
17 (−8.3) |
2 (−17) |
−13 (−25) |
−26 (−32) |
−30 (−34) |
| Precipitation inches (mm) | 3.28 (83.3) |
2.47 (62.7) |
2.34 (59.4) |
1.89 (48) |
2.25 (57.2) |
2.06 (52.3) |
1.02 (25.9) |
1.16 (29.5) |
1.12 (28.4) |
1.67 (42.4) |
3.35 (85.1) |
3.46 (87.9) |
26.07 (662.2) |
| Snowfall inches (cm) | 15.7 (39.9) |
7.4 (18.8) |
2.2 (5.6) |
.3 (0.8) |
trace | 0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
.2 (0.5) |
6.0 (15.2) |
14.2 (36.1) |
46.0 (116.8) |
| Avg. precipitation days (≥ 0.01 in) | 14.6 | 12.5 | 13.4 | 11.8 | 13.5 | 10.4 | 6.8 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 9.9 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 135.7 |
| Avg. snowy days (≥ 0.1 in) | 6.7 | 3.8 | 1.7 | .1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | .1 | 2.7 | 6.8 | 21.9 |
| Source no. 1: NOAA (normals, 1971−2000) [5] | |||||||||||||
| Source no. 2: Weather.com (extremes) [6] | |||||||||||||
| Historical populations | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Census | Pop. | %± | |
| 1880 | 150 |
|
|
| 1890 | 491 | 227.3% | |
| 1900 | 508 | 3.5% | |
| 1910 | 7,291 | 1,335.2% | |
| 1920 | 6,447 | −11.6% | |
| 1930 | 8,297 | 28.7% | |
| 1940 | 10,049 | 21.1% | |
| 1950 | 12,198 | 21.4% | |
| 1960 | 14,291 | 17.2% | |
| 1970 | 16,228 | 13.6% | |
| 1980 | 19,913 | 22.7% | |
| 1990 | 24,563 | 23.4% | |
| 2000 | 34,515 | 40.5% | |
| 2010 | 44,137 | 27.9% | |
| source:[7][8] | |||
As of the census[9] of 2000, there were 34,514 people, 13,985 households, and 8,852 families residing in the city. However, the 2006 estimate is that Cœur d'Alêne is home to nearly 50,000 residents. The population density was 1,014.9/km2. There were 14,929 housing units at an average density of 439.0/km2. Cœur d'Alêne's racial makeup was:
Hispanic or of any race were 2.70% of the population.
There were 13,985 households out of which 31.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36.7% were non-families. 28.2% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the city the population was spread out with:
The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 93.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $33,001, and the median income for a family was $39,491. Males had a median income of $31,915 versus $21,092 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,454. About 9.3% of families and 12.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13.5% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
French Canadian fur traders allegedly named the local Indian tribe the Coeur d'Alene out of respect for their tough trading practices. Translated from French Cœur d'Alêne literally means "heart of the awl" which might mean "sharp-hearted" or "shrewd." Others interpret "Heart of the Awl" to translate to "Eye of the Needle", perhaps referring to the narrow passage through which the lake empties into the Spokane River on its way to the Columbia.
The area was extensively explored by David Thompson of the North West Company starting in 1807. The Oregon boundary dispute (or Oregon question) arose as a result of competing British and American claims to the Pacific Northwest of North America in the first half of the 19th century. The Oregon Treaty ended disputed joint occupation of the area when Britain ceded all rights to land south of the 49th parallel in 1846. When General William T. Sherman ordered a fort constructed on the lake in the 1870s, he gave it the name Fort Cœur d'Alêne; hence the name of the city that grew around it. The name of the fort was later changed to Fort Sherman to honor the general.[10] North Idaho College, a junior college, now occupies the site.
In the 1890s, the Cœur d'Alêne district experienced two significant miners' uprisings.[11] In 1892, the union's discovery of a labor spy in their midst, in the person of sometime cowboy and Pinkerton agent Charlie Siringo, resulted in a shooting war between miners and the company. Years later Harry Orchard, who owned a share of the Hercules Mine in the nearby mountains before it began producing, and who later confessed to dynamiting a $250,000 mill belonging to the Bunker Hill Mining Company near Wardner during another miners' uprising in 1899, would also confess to a secret, brutal and little understood role in the Colorado Labor Wars before returning to Idaho to assassinate former Idaho Governor Frank Steunenberg.[12]
The city is the healthcare, educational, media, manufacturing, retail and recreation center for northern Idaho. Several mining firms are headquartered in the city, among them Cœur (NYSE: CDE) and Hecla Mining Company (NYSE: HL). The Cœur d'Alêne resort is a major employer. The U.S. headquarters of The Pita Pit is located in Cœur d'Alêne.[13]
Cœur d'Alêne's retail has expanded greatly in recent years with the opening of new stores and entertainment venues. Cœur d'Alêne's Riverstone development houses a 14 theater Regal Cinemas, condominiums, a Hampton Inn, a park, restaurants, and local retailers. The North Idaho Centennial Trail bike path cuts through the Riverstone complex alongside an abandoned railroad right of way. The Citylink transit system adjoins the northwest entrance of the Riverstone complex. Giant statues of bird feathers line Northwest Boulevard celebrating the rich native American heritage of Cœur d'Alêne. Several art galleries and cafes sit along Sherman Avenue, Cœur d'AlêneœœœŒßð's main street. During summer, artists and musicians frequent Sherman Square.
Kootenai Health is the primary medical center serving the Cœur d'Alêne and north Idaho area. With over 1700 employees, is also the largest employer in Kootenai County.
The Cœur d'Alêne School District 271 serves 10,300 students with its two high schools, three middle schools, an alternative high/middle school, a dropout retrieval school and 10 elementary schools. The district has a staff of 550 teachers, 47 administrators and 552 support personnel to provide education for the Cœur d'Alêne, Hayden and Dalton communities.
In addition to Honors and Advanced Placement courses, Cœur d'Alêne and Lake City High Schools began offering the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program, and two of the elementary schools are implementing the IB Primary Years Program. Cœur d'Alêne High School no longer offers the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program because of a lack of funding.
District 271 students who qualify are also eligible for dual enrollment with North Idaho College and advanced technical and specialized courses at Riverbend Professional Technical Academy in Post Falls.
A partnership with the City of Cœur d'Alêne Police Department provides five School Resource Officers. Through an alliance with Kootenai Medical Center, the District is served by seven school nurses.
Cœur d'Alêne also has a Charter school. Its teaching curriculum focus heavily on setting higher college-preparatory standards then many other schools, with a strong emphasis on teaching the Latin language. The school also enforces a strict dress code policy on all enrolled students to maintain a professional academic atmosphere. Cœur d'Alêne Charter Academy is a regular middle–high school publicly funded with open admission to any students residing in the state of Idaho, not just those restricted to a particular district of the county. However, public transportation is not provided to the school. The Cœur d'Alêne Charter Academy is currently undergoing expanding into neighboring lots for the purpose of adding additional classrooms.
Cœur d'Alêne is accessed from Interstate 90 at Exits 11 through 15. The greater Cœur d'Alêne area is almost entirely dependent upon private automobiles for transportation. Combined with the city's rapid growth since 1990, relative congestion now occurs on a significant portion of the area highways, notably U.S. 95 between Northwest Blvd. north to Hayden, and on several under-developed arterial streets such as Atlas, Ramsey, and Government Way. Before the construction of I-90, the city was served by U.S. Route 10, which runs through downtown. This route is Northwest Boulevard and Sherman Avenue. The former US 10, between I-90 exits 11 and 15, is now designated as Interstate 90 Business.
Free public bus service is available to area residents. Called Citylink Transit all buses are wheelchair accessible, and can transport up to four bicycles. The buses operating in the urbanized area of Kootenai County leave the Riverstone Transfer Station every eighty five minutes, seven days a week, including holidays. The bus system comprises five separate routes.
The closest major airport serving Cœur d'Alêne and North Idaho is the Spokane International Airport which is served by nine airlines and is located 40 miles (64 km) to the west in Spokane, Washington. Cœur d'Alêne also has Cœur d'Alêne Airport – Pappy Boyington Field (KCOE), which is a general aviation airport located in Hayden, north of the city near U.S. 95.
A local airport is the Cœur d'Alêne Airport. It is a public use general aviation airport, which is open to the public. In 1941, the Cœur d'Alêne Chamber of Commerce promoted the purchase of 720 acres of land on the Rathdrum Prairie for the Cœur d'Alêne Airport. The Cœur d'Alêne Airport was built in 1942 by the Army Engineers at a cost of over $400,000. It was designated as an alternate to Weeks Field (now, Kootenai County Fairgrounds) when a war training program was in operation.
The city of Cœur d'Alêne provides for municipal water, sewer & stormwater management, street lighting, and garbage collection. Frontier Communications provides local phone service, while Time Warner Cable provides cable television. Avista Utilities provides natural gas and electricity to the area.
Cœur d'Alêne has one sister city:
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||